Study on the role and mechanism of osteogenesis induced by advanced platelet-rich fibrin and β-tricalcium phosphate complex / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the role and mechanism of bone formation caused by the ratio of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in rabbit femur defect model, which provides a new idea for clinical treatment of bone defect.@*Methods @#Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into model group, 1∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β-TCP=1∶1), 2∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β- TCP=2∶1) and 4∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β- TCP=4∶1）, with 6 rabbits in each group. Femoral defect models were constructed in each group. In the composite group, the bone defect was filled with composite material, while in the model group, no material was filled. After 8 weeks, the animals were euthanized and specimens were collected. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.SP) and trabecular number (Tb.N) in femoral defect tissue were measured by micro-CT and photographed. Hematoxylin - eosin staining was used to detect the pathological changes of new bone tissue. The morphological changes of the new bone tissue were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Determination of phospho-mitogen activated protein kinase p38 (p-p38MAPK), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and phospho-cysteine aspartic protease-3 (p-Caspase3) in newborn femur by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and p38MAPK were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of OPG, BMP-2, RANKL, p-p38MAPK and p-Caspase3 protein in the new bone tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry. @*Results @#In the model group, bone formation in the femoral defect area was slow and osteogenic quality was poor. Compared with the model group, the bone formation and neocapillaries of femoral defect area in the complex group was good, BMD, BV.TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N were increased, and Tb.Sp were decreased, the expressions of p-p38MAPK, CHOP and p-Caspase3 were decreased, and the mRNA and protein expressions of OPG and BMP-2 were increased. The mRNA expression of RANKL and p38MAPK was decreased. Apoptosis in new bone tissue of each group showed the lowest apoptosis rate in samples of the 2∶1 complex group (P<0.05); A-PRF: β-TCP=2∶1 ratio has the best osteogenic effect. @*Conclusion@#The complex composed of A-PRF and β-TCP can promote the expression of OPG, inhibit the expression of RANKL and phosphorylation of p38MAPK, reduce the apoptosis of new bone tissue cells, and promote osteogenic differentiation.

Development of a Mobile Health Application Based on a Mixed Prenatal Care in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Objective We describe the development and structure of a novel mobile application in a mixed model of prenatal care, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we assess the acceptability of this mobile app in a cohort of patients. Methods First, we introduced a mixed model of prenatal care; second, we developed a comprehensive, computer-based clinical record to support our system. Lastly, we built a novel mobile app as a tool for prenatal care. We used Flutter Software version 2.2 to build the app for Android and iOS smartphones. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the acceptability of the app. Results A mobile app was also built with the main attribute of being connected in real-time with the computer-based clinical records. The app screens detail information about activities programmed and developed in the prenatal care according to gestational age. A downloadable maternity book is available and some screens show warning signs and symptoms of pregnancy. The acceptability assessment was mostly rated positively regarding the characteristics of the mobile app, by 50 patients. Conclusion This novel mobile app was developed as a tool among pregnant patients to increase the information available about their pregnancies in the provision of a mixed model of prenatal care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was fully customized to the needs of our users following the local protocols. The introduction of this novel mobile app was highly accepted by the patients.

Study of tooth drifts after orthodontic extractions in cases of interruption / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To compare the tooth drift differences between different types of patients after orthodontic extraction for 1.5 months (45 days) without return to the clinic on time for some reasons.@*Methods@#This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. A total of 84 patients had bilateral premolars extracted but were not bonded the bracket for some reasons. The upper and lower jaw dental models were cast, scanned, and reconstructed in 3D. Patients were divided into 12 groups based on extraction positions (first premolar or second premolar), jaw types (maxilla or mandible) and vertical facial types (average angle, high angle, or low angle). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes in the following five indicators in different types of patients who were interrupted for 1.5 months after extraction: anterior tooth crowding, width between canines, width between first molars, tooth extraction space, and overbite of anterior teeth. @*Results @#The tooth extraction position, jaw type and vertical facial type had an effect on the reduction in tooth extraction space and anterior tooth crowding before and after the sudden emergent state (1.5 months after tooth extraction) (P<0.001), and the tooth extraction position and vertical facial type had an effect on the increase in anterior tooth overbite (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth was greater in patients with first premolars extracted than in those with second premolars extracted (P<0.001), and the drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in the maxilla was larger than that of the mandible (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in patients with high angles was more obvious than that of patients with average angles and low angles (P<0.001). @* Conclusion@# For orthodontic patients who have maxillary tooth extraction, first premolar extraction, and even high angles in the vertical facial type, the bilateral adjacent teeth are easier to drift, orthodontic treatment should be carried out soon after extraction, and attention should be given to anchorage control.

Correlation between children and adolescents behavioral habits and the occurrence of myopia in Qamdo / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the current status of myopia in children and adolescents in Qamdo, Tibet, and analyze related influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of adolescents in plateau areas.@*Methods@#A cross sectional study was conducted among 959 children and adolescents randomly selected from one district and two counties in Qamdo (from the fourth grade of elementary school to the second grade of high school) for visual acuity and refraction tests and filled out a vision related behavior questionnaire to analyze the incidence of myopia among adolescents in the region and its associated factors.@*Results@#The myopia rate of adolescents in grades 4-11 was 54.43%, the rate of undercorrection of refractive errors was 85.25%, and the percentage of students wearing eyeglasses was 34.67%,fully vision correction rate was 42.54%. The myopia rate of students in grades 4-6 was 35.14%, 64.71% in grades 7-9, and 73.48% in grades 10-11. The myopia rate increased with grades( χ 2= 101.18 , P <0.01). The myopia rate (70.40%) of urban students (grades 4-9) was higher than that of county level(41.45%), and the myopia rate of students with myopia from either parent (68.24%) was higher than that of students without myopia (51.91%) , the myopia rate of girls (59.96%) was higher than that of boys (48.36%)( χ 2=53.19，13.46，12.98， P <0.01). Use electronic products for more than 2.5 hours per day, electronic devices usage after bedtime, the light low indoor brightness when studying on a sunny day, and only use one of the table lamps or roof lights when studying at night, preference for fried food, poor sleep quality, in the morning the students who still feel tired are at higher risk of myopia( χ 2=10.35, 10.91, 6.87, 4.25, 4.97, 5.71, 12.11, P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the occurrence of myopia was related to region, grade, gender, parental myopia, time spent on electronic products every day in the past 5 months, and sleep quality( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The high rate of myopia in children and adolescents in Qamdo may be related to the quality of sleep, the length of time electronic products are used, the eye environment, and the frequency of eating fried foods. Outdoor activities do not show significant differences.

Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo Aumentada, Diminuída ou Estável ao Longo do Tempo em uma Série de 626 Pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca que Receberam Tratamento Médico / Increased, Decreased, or Stable Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction over Time in a Series of 626 Heart Failure Patients Receiving Medical Treatment

Resumo Fundamento: A fração de ejeção (FE) tem sido utilizada em análises fenotípicas e na tomada de decisões sobre o tratamento de insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Assim, a FE tornou-se parte fundamental da prática clínica diária. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar características, preditores e desfechos associados a alterações da FE em pacientes com diferentes tipos de IC grave. Métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo 626 pacientes com IC grave e classe III-IV da New York Heart Association (NYHA). Os pacientes foram classificados em três grupos de acordo com as alterações da FE, ou seja, FE aumentada (FE-A), definida como aumento da FE ≥10%, FE diminuída (FE-D), definida como diminuição da FE ≥10%, e FE estável (FE-E), definida como alteração da FE <10%. Valores p inferiores a 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Dos 377 pacientes com IC grave, 23,3% apresentaram FE-A, 59,5% apresentaram FE-E e 17,2% apresentaram FE-D. Os resultados mostraram ainda 68,2% de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFEr) no grupo FE-A e 64,6% de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEp) no grupo FE-D. Os preditores de FE-A identificados foram faixa etária mais jovem, ausência de diabetes e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) menor. Já os preditores de FE-D encontrados foram ausência de fibrilação atrial, baixos níveis de ácido úrico e maior FEVE. Em um seguimento mediano de 40 meses, 44,8% dos pacientes foram vítimas de morte por todas as causas. Conclusão: Na IC grave, a ICFEr apresentou maior percentual no grupo FE-A e a ICFEp foi mais comum no grupo FE-D.

Abstract Background: Ejection fraction (EF) has been used in phenotype analyses and to make treatment decisions regarding heart failure (HF). Thus, EF has become a fundamental part of daily clinical practice. Objective: This study aims to investigate the characteristics, predictors, and outcomes associated with EF changes in patients with different types of severe HF. Methods: A total of 626 severe HF patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into three groups according to EF changes, namely, increased EF (EF-I), defined as an EF increase ≥10%, decreased EF (EF-D), defined as an EF decrease ≥10%, and stable EF (EF-S), defined as an EF change <10%. A p-value lower than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 377 severe HF patients, 23.3% presented EF-I, 59.5% presented EF-S, and 17.2% presented EF-D. The results further showed 68.2% of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the EF-I group and 64.6% of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the EF-D group. The predictors of EF-I included younger age, absence of diabetes, and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The predictors of EF-D were absence of atrial fibrillation, lower uric acid level, and higher LVEF. Within a median follow-up of 40 months, 44.8% of patients suffered from all-cause death. Conclusion: In severe HF, HFrEF presented the highest percentage in the EF-I group, and HFpEF was most common in the EF-D group.

Implementación de un modelo mixto de atención prenatal, presencial y virtual durante la pandemia COVID-19, en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en Lima, Perú

La pandemia del coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) y las medidas instauradas para su control significaron la interrupción de la atención prenatal, con potencial riesgo en la salud materna y fetal. Por otro lado, la atención prenatal convencional presencial implicaría exposición y riesgo de infección en pacientes y proveedores de salud. El Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) ha incorporado la teleconsulta como parte de un nuevo modelo de atención prenatal mixto, cuyo objetivo es disminuir las citas presenciales y, por tanto, el contacto y riesgo de transmisión viral. El paquete de atención prenatal incluye actividades esenciales para atender gestantes en edades gestacionales específicas con mayor impacto en los desenlaces perinatales y maternos. Este nuevo modelo podría generalizarse a nivel nacional y ser parte de la solución a las disparidades de atención en el Perú, mediante políticas del uso de la telemedicina en la atención prenatal que faciliten su implementación, así como su sostenibilidad después de la pandemia de COVID-19.

The coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic and the measures implemented for its control meant the interruption of prenatal care, with potential risk to maternal and fetal health. However, conventional in-person prenatal care would imply exposure and risk of infection in patients and health care providers. The Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) has incorporated teleconsultation as part of a new model of mixed prenatal care, which aims to reduce in-person appointments and, therefore, the contact and risk of viral transmission. The prenatal care package performs essential activities to care for pregnant women of specific gestational ages with a greater impact on perinatal and maternal outcomes. This new model could be generalized nationally and be part of the solution to the disparities of healthcare in Peru, through policies for the use of telemedicine in prenatal care that facilitate its implementation, as well as its sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research Progress on Touch DNA on Cartridge Cases in Forensic Field / 法医学杂志

Cartridge cases are crucial physical evidence in gun-related crimes. The successful identification of the touch DNA on cartridge cases can help to screen the suspects and reconstruct the gun-related crime scene. With the improvement of DNA extraction methods and the sensitivity of amplification kit, forensic examiners are expected to obtain more valuable information by testing the touch DNA on cartridge cases. In practical cases, the touch DNA detection on cartridge cases often encounters with low DNA content degradation, mixing and the gunshot residual interference, which brings more challenges to DNA examination and identification. This article reviews forensic research of touch DNA on the cartridge cases from the aspects of factors affecting touch DNA on cartridge cases, advances in the extraction and amplification methods, and the practical applications in order to provide reference for forensic identification of touch DNA on the cartridge cases in real cases.

Application value of triangular modal construed for planning approach of laparoscopic local resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of triangular modal construed for planning approach of laparoscopic local resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 10 patients who underwent local laparoscopic resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January to June 2020 were collected. There were 6 males and 4 females, aged from 41 to 63 years, with a median age of 54 years. Preoperative triangular model was constructed for all patients to plan approach of laparoscopic local resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe. Observation indicators: (1) preoperative general situations of patients; (2) surgical situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect tumor recurrence and survival of patients up to February 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD. Count data were expressed was absolute numbers. Results:(1) Preoperative general situations of patients: hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 7 cases, inthahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was found in 2 cases and ovarian cancer with liver metastasis was found in 1 case. Three cases had tumors located in S4a segment, 2 cases had tumors located in ventral subsegment of S8 segment, 2 cases had tumors located in dorsal subsegment of S8 segment, and 3 cases had tumors across the ventral segment of S4a+S8. The diameter of tumors was (3.4±1.0)cm. (2) Surgical situation: all the 10 patients underwent R 0 resection successfully, with no intraoperative blood transfusion or conversion to open surgery. The operation time of 10 patients was (149±59)minutes, the volume of intraoperative blood loss was (294±163)mL, the minimum surgical margin of specimen was (1.1±0.2)cm. The alanine aminotransferase was (324±151)U/L on the postoperative first day, the aspartic aminotransferase was (401±113)U/L on the postoperative first day, and the duration of postoperative hospital stay was (9±4)days. No bile leakage, hemorr-hage, reoperation or other complications occurred in all patients. (3) Follow-up: 10 patients were followed up for 7?13 months, with a median follow-up time of 11 months. All patients had no margin recurrence or distant metastasis. Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to construct triangular modal for planning approach of local laparoscopic resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe.

The current situation of knowledge and attitudes towards organ, eye tissue, body donation of residents in shenyang / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: China has stopped using the organs from executed prisoners for transplantation since 2015, and organ donation has become the only source of organ transplantation. Therefore, it is very important to fully understand the current status of organ donation. OBJECTIVE: To understand the current status of organ, eye tissue and body donation awareness and attitude of residents in Shenyang city, and to analyze the influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 10 000 residents of Shenyang were sampled by multistage cluster sampling. There were 8 942 valid questionnaires, and the effective rate was 93.43%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the survey, 8 209 people heard of organ donation accounting for 91.8% of all the respondents, and 6 251 people were willing to make a survey about organ/body donation, accounting for 69.9%. With cognition and intention as dependent variables and own situation as independent variable, we made a Logistic regression analysis and found that the cognitive level was related to gender, education level, family per capita monthly income, occupation, political affiliation and religion. The corresponding odds ratio (OR) (known/unknown) values were: for males, the OR=0.786; for the education level of primary education or below, OR=0.188; for the monthly income per capita of 2 000-5 000 yuan, OR=1.418; for farmer, OR=1.593; for communist youth league member, OR=1.313; for non-religious, OR=1.810. Respondents' attitudes were related to gender, age, education level, marital status, family per capita income, occupation, political affiliation and religion. The corresponding OR (willing/unwilling) values were: for male, OR=1.131; for age ≤ 30 years, OR=1.266; for primary education or below, OR=2.090; for married, OR=0.841; for the monthly income per capita < 2 000 yuan, OR=1.253; for public institution or government department, OR=0.740; for the member of Communist Party of China, OR=0.799; for no religious belief, OR=0.842 (P < 0.05). The above data confirm that Shenyang residents have a high awareness and willingness of organ, eye tissue and body donation in general; however, further publicity is still needed to establish an effective organ donation management system.

The characteristics of adolescent pregnancy in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019 / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the characteristics of adolescent pregnancy in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide basis for protecting adolescent physical and mental health. @*Methods@#Data of demographic characteristics, pregnancy and delivery outcomes of the women aged under 19 years ( adolescent pregnant ) and 20 to 34 years ( right-age pregnant ) who delivered in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019 were collected from Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Information Management System. The incidence of pregnancy complication, comorbidity and adverse delivery outcomes of adolescent pregnant women was compared with that of right-age pregnant women.@*Results@#Among 536 753 parturients reported in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019, there were 22 419 ( 4.18% ) of adolescent pregnancy and 430 163 ( 80.14% ) of right-age pregnancy. The average age of adolescent pregnant women was (18.11±0.82) years ( range, 10-19 years ). The majority of adolescent pregnant women were migrant population (19 437 cases, 86.70%), had an education level of junior high school and below ( 18 594 cases, 82.94% ), and had no occupation (19 192 cases, 85.61%). The incidence rates of anemia, gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration and premature delivery in adolescent pregnant women increased from 2015 to 2019 ( all P<0.05 ). The incidence rates of gestational diabetes, anemia, gestational hypertension, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration, premature delivery, low birth weight, fetal death and stillbirth were 1.65%, 11.76%, 0.19%, 0.26%, 3.19%, 24.52%, 6.03%, 5.53%, 0.50% and 0.04% in adolescent pregnant women, which were significant different from 5.49%, 8.94%, 0.13%, 0.01%, 0.17%, 23.46%, 4.66%, 3.08%, 0.26% and 0.01% in the right-age pregnant women, respectively ( all P<0.05 ). @*Conclusions@#The adolescent pregnant population in Wenzhou are mainly migrant population with lower education level and no occupation. The incidence rates of pregnancy complication, comorbidity and adverse birth outcomes in adolescent pregnant population are higher than those in right-age pregnant population, and are increasing year by year.

Renal Pathology and Cytogenetic Examination in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Renal Impairment--Retrospective Analysis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the renal pathology and cytogenetic features in the multiple myeloma (MM) patients with renal impairment.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of newly diagnosed MM patients with renal impairment in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, and the relationship between FISH results and results of renal pathological exanimation was analyzed statistically by using SPSS 20.0.@*RESULTS@#A total of 20 patients underwent renal biopsy, included 12 males and 8 females. FISH result showed that out of 20 patients, 7 cases presented interstitial nephritis, among which 3 cases were negative for FISH, and in the remaining cases the rate of IgH rearrangement, 1q21 amplification, RB1 deletion, D13S319 deletion, and P53 deletion detection was 42.86%, 28.57%, 28.57%, 28.57% and 14.29% respectively, the detection positive rate was statistically significantly lower as compared with total probe positive rate (P＜0.01). There were 6 cases of cast nephropathy, among which IgH rearrangement, the rate of 1q21 amplification, RB1 deletion, D13S319 deletion, and P53 deletion detection was 66.67%, 50%, 66.67%, 50% and 0% respectively. Compared with the total probe positive rate, there was no statistical significance (P＞0.05). There were 4 cases of acute tubular necrosis, among which the detection rates of IgH rearrangement, 1q21 amplification, RB1 deletion, D13S319 deletion, and P53 deletion was 100%, 50%, 50%, 25% and 25%, respectively. Compared with the total probe positive rate, there was no statistical significance (P＞0.05). There were one case of amyloidosis, and one case of tubular nephropathy with amyloidosis, the detection with 5 probes were all positive. One case of light chain deposition disease was positive for RB1 gene deletion + D13S319 gene deletion.@*CONCLUSION@#FISH in the MM patients with different renal pathological changes is characterized by heterogeneity, which can be used to predict the risk of renal damage and speculate possible renal pathological types to guide prognosis.

Osteosarcoma-derived exosomes induces M2 polarization of macrophages and promotes metastasis of MG63 cells through Tim-3 / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of exosomes derived from osteosarcoma on the differentiation of tumor-related macrophages and its mechanism. Methods: From March 2018 to October 2019, tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues from 18 patients with primary osteosarcoma who underwent osteosarcoma resection and pathological diagnosis in the Departments of Orthopedics and Pediatric Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were collected. The expression level of Tim-3 was detected by Western blotting; Exosomes of osteosarcoma MG63 cells (MG63-Exo) were isolated and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle size analysis, and its phagocytosis by macrophages was verified by Dual fluorescent staining; The effects of MG63-Exo on macrophage differentiation and the expression levels of IL-10, TGF-β and VEGF were detected by qPCR; The effects of MG63-Exo induced macrophages on the migration and invasion of MG63 cells and the expression of EMT related proteins were detected by Transwell invasion and migration assay and Western blotting; CRISPR/cas9 was used to knock out Tim-3 in MG63 cells, and its knockout efficiency was verified by Western blotting, and then qPCR, transwell assay and Western blotting were used to detect the effect of MG63-Exo with Tim-3 knock-out on macrophage differentiation, as well as migration, invasion and expression of EMT related proteins in MG63 cells; Finally, the mouse model of osteosarcoma lung metastasis was used to verify the effect of exosomes from different sources on the lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. Results: Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle size assay confirmed that MG63-Exo were successfully isolated, and Confocal fluorescence results confirmed that it could be phagocytized by macrophages; qPCR results showed that MG63-Exo significantly promoted M2 differentiation of macrophages compared with PBS (P<0.05); Compared with PBS control group, M2 macrophages induced by MG63-Exo significantly promoted the migration, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells (all P<0.05); The mRNA and protein expressions of Tim-3 in the MG63 cells knocked out by CRISPR/cas9 (Tim-3-KO) were significantly reduced (all P<0.05), and Tim-3 could be transferred into macrophages in the form of exosomes; Compared with MG63-Exo co-cultured macrophages, the M2 type differentiation of macrophages treated with Tim-3-KO-exo was significantly decreased (P<0.05); Compared with the MG63 cells co-cultured with macrophages induced by MG63-Exo, the migration, invasion and EMT were significantly reduced while the lung metastasis was significantly promoted in MG63 cells co-cultured with macrophages induced by Tim-3-KO-Exo (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Exosomes derived from osteosarcoma can induce M2 polarization of macrophages through Tim-3 and promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor.

Risk factor analysis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of clinicopathological factors on the recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)after radical resection.METHODS: The data of patients with HCC who underwent radical resection between January 2000 and December 2014 in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively.Clinical and pathological data from first resection to the recurrence of HCC with PVTT were extracted in the form of data tables.All patients were divided into PVTT group and non PVTT group according to the occurence of PVTT at time of HCC recurrence,and the risk factors of PVTT formation were analyzed.Risk factors influencing the formation time,from radical resection to HCC recurrence,were analyzed in recurrent HCC patients with PVTT.RESULTS: Univariate analysis results showed that patients having HCC with multiple tumors,no tumor capsule,and Child-pugh B grade had a high proportion of PVTT when HCC recurred.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that multiple tumors,no tumor capsule,and Childpugh B grade were independent risk factors for PVTT formation after radical resection of HCCA predictive model was established on the basis of the three risk factors(1 point for each factor).ROC curve showed the total model score has certain predictive value.The area under the curve was 0.662(P=0.003,95% CI:0.557-0.766),cut-off value was 0.5 points,Youden index was 0.302(sensitivity=60.0%,specificity=70.2%).The higher the model score,the shorter the tumor-free survival time(P=0.007),and the higher the incidence of PVTT recurrence(P=0.001).The results of Kaplan-Meier(log-rank test)and multivariate analysis of Cox regression model showed that lower differentiation of HCC was an independent risk factor influencing the time from radical resection to HCC recurrence with PVTT(P=0.000). CONCLUSION: Patients with multiple tumor foci,no tumor capsule and Child grade B grade liver cancer are more likely to recur with PVTT after RO operation.And among them,the low differentiation of liver cancer grows faster.A closer follow-up or preventive treatment of patients with high-risk factors may improve prognosis.

Does postoperative treatment bring survival benefits to patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP regimen? / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#To investigate whether postoperative therapy can bring survival benefits to patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP regimen. Methods     We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 115 patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP regimen and underwent esophagectomy in our hospital from January 2007 through December 2016. Patients were divided into two groups including a non-receiving treatment group (54 patients with 47 males and 7 females) and a receiving treatment group (61 patients with 52 males and 9 females). There were 31 patients with postoperative chemotherapy, 14 with postoperative radiotherapy, and 16 with postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the receiving treatment group. Results     In the non-receiving treatment group, the 5-year median disease free survival (DFS) rate was 54.7%, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 55.3%. In the receiving treatment group, the median DFS was 46.0 months (95% CI 22.9–69.1), the 5-year DFS rate was 42.3%; and the   median OS was 68.0 months (95% CI 33.0–103.0), the 5-year OS rate was 51.3%. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference between the two groups with regards to DFS (P=0.641) or OS (P=0.757) using Kaplan-Meier method. Besides, in each subgroup, the results of Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed postoperative treatment did not improve survival (P>0.05, respectively). Conclusion     Postoperative treatment does not bring survival benefits to patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP regimen.

In-situ split liver transplantation for pediatric recipient: a single-center experience / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of in-situ split liver transplantation (ISSLT) in children.Methods From June 2015 to August 2018,10 liver grafts from DBD were split in-situ.All the donors were male,and the median age of the donors was 28.5 year old (18-48 year).One left half graft and 9 left lateral lobe grafts (including 2 reduced size grafts) were transplanted to 10 pediatric recipients.Four grafts were transplanted in our center,and the rest 6 grafts were shared to other two transplant center.The primary diseases of the recipients included biliary atresia (8/10),hepatic sinus obstruction syndrome (1/10) and Alagille syndrome (1/10).The median age of the recipients was 10 month (7 month-11 year),and the mean body weight was 9.8 ± 6.6 kg (5-28 kg).Results All liver grafts were split in-situ.The mean split time of liver grafts was 88.5 ± 18.9 min.The mean weight of split grafts was 336.7-± 85.4 g.All recipients were subjected to piggyback liver transplantation.Operation time was 542.5 ± 112.1 min.Anhepatic time was 52.0 ±-13.5 min.GRWR was (3.98 ±0.96)％.GRWR of two cases was more than 5％,so segment Ⅲ was partially reduced.During the follow-up period,9 cases were alive and 1 case died due to multiple organ failure 1 day after liver transplantation.Conclusions ISSLT can enlarge the graft pool for children and achieve good results.

Rapamycin Induces Apoptosis of K562 Cells through EZH2/Hedgehog Signaling Pathway / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanism of rapamycin-induced apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.@*METHODS@#The chronic granulocytic leukemia K562 cells were divided into 3 groups: A, B and C group were treated with rapamycin of 10, 15 and 20 nmol/L, repectively for 24 h, while the K562 cells in control group were not treated with rapamycin. The effect of rapamycin on the proliferation of K562 cells was detected by MTT, and the effect of rapamycin on the apoptosis of K562 cells was detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining. The expression level of EZH2/Hedgehog signaling pathway genes in K562 cells was detected by RT-PCR, and Western blot was used to detect the levels of apoptotic protein and the related signaling pathway proteins in K562 cells.@*RESULTS@#The MTT assay showed that the different concentration of rapamycin had obvious inhibitory effects on the cells, and the survival rate of cells in group C was 37.6%±3.4%, which was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P＜0.05). The apoptosis rate of cells in group C was 93.1%±8.1%, which was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P＜0.05). By Western blot, it was found that the relative expression levels of Caspase-3 and BAX protein in group C were 0.36 ± 0.04 and 0.39±0.06, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in other groups (P＜0.05), and the level of BCL-2 protein was 0.17±0.03, which was significantly lower than that of other groups (P＜0.05). By RT-PCR, it was found that the mRNA levels of EZH2 and Hedgehog genes in A, B and C groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05), but mRNA level of Ptch1 gene was significantly higher than that of the control (P＜0.05). By Western blot, it was found that the expression levels of EZH2 and Hedgehog protein in A, B and C groups were significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05), but the level of Ptch1 protein was higher than that of the control (P＜0.05). The relative levels of EZH2 and Hedgehog protein in group C were 0.21 ±0.03 and 0.16±0.05 respectively, which were significantly lower than those in other groups (P＜0.05), and Ptch1 protein level were 0.46 ±0.06, significantly higher than that of other groups (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Rapamycin can inhibit the protein expression of EZH2 in leukemic cells, thus interfere with the activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway, promote the expression of apoptotic protein, reduce the level of anti apoptotic protein, and eventually induce apoptosis of leukemia cells.

The Taxonomic Status of Spermophilus in the Plague Area of Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

This study was conducted to define the taxonomic status of Spermophilus in the plague area of Dingbian County in Shaanxi Province, China, through the two-factor variance analysis of morphological characteristics, DNA barcoding, and chromosome karyotype analysis. The Spermophilus samples collected from Dingbian and Zhengxiang Baiqi Counties exhibited significant differences in their morphological measurements. All Spermophilus samples form two distinct branches in neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. One branch included the Spermophilus samples collected from Inner Mongolia, and the other branch included samples collected from the plague foci of Shaanxi Province and the Ningxia Region. The Spermophilus samples collected from Dingbian County had a chromosome number of 2n = 38 in 84.40% of all their cells. The Spermophilus species collected from the plague area of Dingbian County was categorized as Spermophilus alashanicus (S.alashamicus). The findings reported in this study are epidemiologically significant for monitoring plague in this region of west-central China.

Essential Oil from Siegesbeckia pubescens Induces Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway in Human HepG2 Cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Siegesbeckia pubescens (SP) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of and inflammatory diseases.However,the activities of SP against hepatocellular carcinoma and the related mechanisms remain unclear.The present study aimed to examine the effects of the essential oil of SP (SPEO) on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the possible mechanisms.The growth inhibition of HepG2 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Hoechst 33258 and fluorescence microscopy were utilized to observe the nuclear morphological changes of apoptotic cells.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle.The expressions of the target proteins were detected by Western blotting.The results showed that SPEO obviously inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.SPEO activated a series of apoptotic proteins in HepG2 cells,increasing expression levels of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9,and decreasing the bcl-2 expression level.SPEO displayed promising anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities in vitro,partly by inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells through activating the mitochondrial pathway.

IL-33 promotes IL-10 production in macrophages: a role for IL-33 in macrophage foam cell formation

We evaluated the role of IL-10- in IL-33-mediated cholesterol reduction in macrophage-derived foam cells (MFCs) and the mechanism by which IL-33 upregulates IL-10. Serum IL-33 and IL-10 levels in coronary artery disease patients were measured. The effects of IL-33 on intra-MFC cholesterol level, IL-10, ABCA1 and CD36 expression, ERK 1/2, Sp1, STAT3 and STAT4 activation, and IL-10 promoter activity were determined. Core sequences were identified using bioinformatic analysis and site-specific mutagenesis. The serum IL-33 levels positively correlated with those of IL-10. IL-33 decreased cellular cholesterol level and upregulated IL-10 and ABCA1 but had no effect on CD36 expression. siRNA-IL-10 partially abolished cellular cholesterol reduction and ABCA1 elevation by IL-33 but did not reverse the decreased CD36 levels. IL-33 increased IL-10 mRNA production but had little effect on its stability. IL-33 induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and increased the luciferase expression driven by the IL-10 promoter, with the highest extent within the −2000 to −1752 bp segment of the 5′-flank of the transcription start site; these effects were counteracted by U0126. IL-33 activated Sp1, STAT3 and STAT4, but only the STAT3 binding site was predicted in the above segment. Site-directed mutagenesis of the predicted STAT3-binding sites (CTGCTTCCTGGCAGCAGAA→CTGCCTGGCAGCAGAA) reduced luciferase activity, and a STAT3 inhibitor blocked the regulatory effects of IL-33 on IL-10 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) confirmed the STAT3-binding sequences within the −1997 to −1700 and −1091 to −811 bp locus regions. IL-33 increased IL-10 expression in MFCs via activating ERK 1/2 and STAT3, which subsequently promoted IL-10 transcription and thus contributed to the beneficial effects of IL-33 on MFCs.

The effect of capsaicin on expression patterns of CGRP in trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis following experimental tooth movement in rats

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the effect of capsaicin on expression patterns of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) following experimental tooth movement. Material and Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study and divided into small-dose capsaicin+force group, large-dose capsaicin+force group, saline+force group, and no force group. Closed coil springs were used to mimic orthodontic forces in all groups except for the no force group, in which springs were inactivated. Capsaicin and saline were injected into periodontal tissues. Rats were euthanized at 0 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d following experimental tooth movement. Then, TG and Vc were obtained for immunohistochemical staining and western blotting against CGRP. Results Immunohistochemical results indicated that CGRP positive neurons were located in the TG, and CGRP immunoreactive fibers were distributed in the Vc. Immunohistochemical semiquantitative analysis and western blotting analysis demonstrated that CGRP expression levels both in TG and Vc were elevated at 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d in the saline + force group. However, both small-dose and large-dose capsaicin could decrease CGRP expression in TG and Vc at 1 d and 3 d following experimental tooth movement, as compared with the saline + force group. Conclusions These results suggest that capsaicin could regulate CGRP expression in TG and Vc following experimental tooth movement in rats.